This article explains the causes, symptoms, and prevention methods of "blackheads (comedones) in pores."

<Things you should know> The correct knowledge about "blackheads" (1) Explanation of the causes, symptoms, and prevention methods of "blackheads (comedones) in pores"

Blackheads on the tip and sides of the nose, resembling acne, can be quite bothersome. Since they don't typically cause itching or redness, it can be difficult to know how to treat them. This article, supervised by a dermatologist, provides a detailed explanation of the causes, symptoms, and prevention methods for these blackheads (comedones).

What are "blackheads (comedones) in pores"?

What are blackheads (comedones) in pores?

When we talk about darkening of the body, we usually think of areas like the armpits, elbows, and knees becoming darker. However, on the face, in addition to acne and sunspots, black bumps can appear on the tip of the nose. Here, we will explain about black bumps and clogged pores.

What is "blackheads in pores"?

Blackheads occur when the opening of a pore narrows, causing sebum and dead skin cells (protein) to clog the pore, forming a plug called a comedone, which then turns black. When a comedone forms, sebum cannot be expelled and accumulates inside the pore.
This can cause pores to become raised, a condition known as a "comedone," and acne progresses as acne bacteria proliferate, using sebum as a nutrient source.

Causes and mechanisms of blackheads (comedones)

​Causes and mechanisms of blackheads (comedones)

Blackheads caused by clogged pores can occur even in the early stages of acne.
First, the initial stage of acne is the formation of "comedones." Comedones are caused by factors such as increased sebum secretion and keratinization of the skin, which clog the pores, preventing sebum from escaping and causing it to accumulate excessively within the hair follicle, forming a sac-like structure.

Initially, a small, whitish white pimple appears, and the pore becomes closed, resulting in a condition called "closed comedone."
A little later, the sebum that has accumulated inside the pores pushes them open, causing them to become dark in color. This is called an "open comedone."
The dark color is believed to be due to melanin being expelled from within the skin.

Causes and mechanisms of blackheads

The main cause of acne is increased sebum secretion and keratinization of the pores, which are due to increased secretion of male hormones, leading to increased function of the sebaceous glands. In women, acne is more likely to occur when the secretion of estrogen, which suppresses male hormones, decreases due to dieting, irregular lifestyle, or stress, resulting in a relative increase in male hormones in the body.

The female hormone progesterone also increases sebum secretion. Secretion is particularly high during the period from ovulation to menstruation. In addition, stress, excessive tension, fatigue, and insomnia can disrupt the autonomic nervous system, which in turn can lead to increased sebum secretion through hormone release.

Other causes include directly blocking pores with prolonged makeup wear, and making the skin surface prone to oiliness due to incorrect cleansing methods.

Furthermore, it has become clear that the cause is not only an increase in sebum secretion, but also issues with skin cell turnover. When dead skin cells around the pores do not slough off properly, the stratum corneum thickens, blocking the pores.

<By Body Part> Areas where dark spots (blackheads) are likely to occur

<By part>
​Areas prone to dark spots (blackheads)

Blackheads caused by clogged pores tend to form in areas with many sebaceous glands, similar to where acne is more likely to develop.

  • The tip of the nose and the sides of the nostrils

    The tip and sides of the nose are particularly prone to clogged pores due to the high amount of sebum, which can lead to enlarged pores and blackheads. The nose and forehead, in particular, have more sebum than other areas, making them especially susceptible to blackheads caused by keratin plugs.

<By Body Part> Methods for Preventing Dark Spots (Clogged Comb Skin)

<By part>
​Methods to prevent blackheads (comedones)

Here are some common ways to prevent blackheads caused by clogged pores, categorized by the areas where they are most likely to occur.

  • The tip of the nose and the sides of the nose

    The tip and sides of the nose are particularly prone to oiliness, causing pores to enlarge and easily become clogged with sebum and dirt. Keep these areas clean by using proper cleansing and face washing techniques.

  • whole face

    Of all the areas on your face, not only your nose but also your forehead produces a lot of sebum, and pores are prone to becoming clogged with sebum. Be sure to wash these areas thoroughly when cleansing your face.

  • About makeup

    Makeup foundation can easily get into pores, and if not thoroughly removed, it can clog them. It's important to keep the time you wear makeup as short as possible and remove it thoroughly as soon as possible after returning home. We recommend rinse-off cleansers. Rinse-off cleansers come in various types, including cream, milk, liquid, and gel. If using a wipe-off type, be careful not to rub your face.

  • About skincare

    When the skin's surface becomes oily, it can irritate the skin and cause clogged pores. It's necessary to remove excess oil. However, using products that are too strong or overusing them can damage the skin, leading to degreasing and dryness. Be sure to moisturize areas prone to dryness.

  • About diet

    To suppress sebum secretion, actively consume vitamin B2, which is necessary for lipid metabolism, and vitamin E, which prevents sebum oxidation.

    ■ Foods rich in vitamin B2​
    Milk, eggs, meat, liver, etc.
    ■ Foods rich in vitamin E
    Nuts, wheat germ oil, seafood such as eels, soybeans, grains, green and yellow vegetables, etc.

    Furthermore, it's important to be careful about consuming too much fat and sugar. Excessive intake can lead to excessive sebum production, disrupting the balance of sebum production. Also, excess sugar that isn't used as energy is stored as fat, which is the same as consuming fat. In addition, sugar raises blood sugar levels, which promotes sebum secretion. Aim for a balanced and regular diet.

Treatment methods for blackheads (blackheads) by body part

<By part>
​How to deal with blackheads (blackheads)

The following are some common ways to deal with blackheads caused by clogged pores:

The tip of the nose, the sides of the nose, and the entire face.

  • Keep clean

    Always practice proper facial cleansing to keep your skin clean. The basic principle of facial cleansing is to wash gently and carefully with your hands. If your skin is dry, moisturize with lotion or emulsion. Avoid lotions and creams that are high in oil.

  • Thoroughly removes sebum and dirt.

    When washing your face, be sure to thoroughly remove excess sebum and dirt.

  • Take good care of your skin by moisturizing thoroughly to prevent dryness.

    Adult acne is known to be caused by problems with the turnover of the stratum corneum. Since dry skin also slows down this turnover, be sure to moisturize your skin by applying plenty of water after washing your face.

  • Reduce the amount of time you wear makeup, and remove it thoroughly.

    Try to keep the time you wear makeup as short as possible, and be sure to thoroughly remove makeup and dirt with a cleanser.

  • Improving daily life

    Maintain a regular lifestyle, get enough sleep, avoid staying up late, don't overeat or drink excessively, and avoid fatty foods and sweets.

This article explains common problems related to blackheads (clogged pores).

This article explains common problems related to blackheads (clogged pores).

This article explains common concerns about blackheads caused by clogged pores.

  • Is it okay to remove blackheads using a nose pore strip?

    Depending on your skin type, it may be safe to use, but it can also remove too much sebum and dead skin cells, potentially damaging the skin. Those with dry skin or atopic dermatitis should be careful and consult with a doctor before using it. Also, after removing blackheads with a pore pack, the pores are open. It's important to tighten these open pores with an astringent lotion. Furthermore, it's crucial to follow the instructions and dosage carefully.

  • Can I get a peeling treatment for blackheads and clogged pores at a dermatology clinic?

    You can get this treatment at a dermatology clinic. The depth of penetration into the skin varies depending on the concentration of the peeling agent and the application time, so it's best to have your skin type assessed and have the appropriate concentration and time applied. However, it is not recommended during the dry winter months or the summer months when UV rays are strong. This is because after-treatment skin care and the surrounding environment are very important. Be sure to take good care of your skin and avoid dryness and sunburn.

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Professor Masako Hirata
Supervised by: Dr. Masako Hirata, Director of My Clinic Mejiro
Medical Doctor, Board Certified Dermatologist, Japan Medical Association Industrial Physician, International Certified Traditional Chinese Medicine Dietitian. Graduated from Nihon University School of Medicine and worked at Tokyo Medical University Hospital. After retirement, she returned to the front lines of clinical practice, treating over 500 patients daily. Subsequently, in 2003, she opened "My Clinic Mejiro," a specialized outpatient clinic for women, and assumed the position of Chairperson and Director.

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